Drill-chuck.



A. P. MORROW.

DRILL HucK. APPLICATI'ON FILED DEC-23, 1908.

Patented Aug.- 17., i915.

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A. P. Mormow.

DRILL CHUCK.

APRPLICATION FILED DEC.23, 1908. 1,l50,142. Y Patented Aug. 17,1915.

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nlmmlmnwl Immun- A P. MORROW. DRILL CHUCK.

APPLICAUON FILED DEC.23, 1908 y Lgfn Patented Aug. 17, 1915.

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p tains to make and use im man srarns rarnnr onirica ALEXANDER l?. IMORROW, 0F ELMIRA, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TQ E. HDETGXQ' l'. SON COMPAN, 0F.WINDSOR LGCKS, CONNECTICUT, it. CORPORATION 0F CONNEGTEGUT.

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Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Ang. il?, i.

Application filed Beeember 23, .1.908. Serial No. 468,025.

To zZ rc1/0m t may concern Be it known that l, ALEXANDER Monnorv, a citizen of the United States, residing atfllmira, in the county of Cheinung land State of New York, have invented certain neu7 and'useful Improvements in Drill- Chucks; and I do hereby declare theA following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, suoli as will enable others skilled in the art to which it apperthe same.

My invention has for provement of chucks, and lwill be best undertransverse section taken on on the line iL-4 of Fig. l; Fig.

stood by reference to the following description and accompanying drawings showing one'selected embodiment thereof which l have chosen for purposes of illustration only.

' ln the dra-Wings: Figure l is a vertical, longitudinal, sectional elevation of a chuck embodying my invention; Fig. 2 is a similar sectional view taken in a plane at yright angles to the plane of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a the line 3-3 of Fig. 1,' Fig. 4 is a transverse section taken 5 is a vertical, longitudinal, sectional elevation of a chuck embodying my invention in a modified form; Fig. 6 is a detail plan vievsT of the coupling shell and plug, detached; Fig. 7 isja plan view of parts of a chuck embodying my invention in a modified form; Fig.

. 8 is a. vertical,'longitudina l, A. vation of a chuck containing such modij ous parts broken away,

sectional eleed embodiment; Fig. 9 is a detail sectional elevation of a modification; view of the same; Fig. l1 is a vertical, sectional elevation of still another modication; and Fig. l2 is a perspective view drawn on an .enlarged scale showing variin order to illustrate the inode of operation of the embodiment of my invention shown in F igs. l, 2, 3 and 4.

Referring now to the drawings, particularly to Fgsgl, 2, 3 and 4, the tang of the chuck is 'shown as operatively integral with thecylindifical headB which is hollow at its outer end and internally screw-threaded, as at B, this thread beingof suliiciently ine pitch to permit of iirin setting of the chuck upon the Work by the operation of said thread. Adapted to screw in and out of the head B, and provided with external threads for engagement with the threads upon the inside of the head B, is the coucoupling shell,

its object the iIn-h rangement.

Fig. l0 is a plan l is provided With a. outer end, as shown to screw in and out of the ln this illuscorresponding surface of the pling shell b, which squared recess at its at f. Adapted couplin shell, is the lu nal thrlds G Whichpenggage threads F upon the internal is the plug b. trative embodiment of. threads F and G are the releasing threads, and are shown as inclined in the same direction as, and of coarser pitch than the threads between the coupling shell and the head B, these latter threads being the tightening threads; but l do not Wish to be understood as limiting my invention to this specificar- The plug b is provided With the radially positioned pin g the ends of which. are adapted to engage one end or the other of the squared recess f in the end of the coupling shell, according to the direction in which the parts may be turned. This englagement of the pin g with theends of sai ment of the plug b relatively to the shell The plug b is .provided upon its outer ,face with radial grooves in Which'are held the jaws C, in such a manner as to be radially movable in relation to each other and the plug Zi. The jaws C are nested and adapted to slide in lengthwise slots prpvided'in the frusto-conical portion a of the outer casing A of the chuck, said outer casing being adapted to be rotated in relation'to the head B, and being for this purpose provided with an annular groove in its inner surface which confronts a similar groove in the' outer surface of the-head B, said grooves making a raceway for the spherical bearings or other suitable anti-friction devices. To permit the insertion of the bearings D, formed partly in the v casing A and head B, and partly in al deiny invention the Any suitable connection may be employed between the jaws and the plug b adapted to permit radial movement o the jaws relatively thereto. For this purpose I have shown, in Figs. 1 'to 6 of the drawings, dove-tail lgrooves or recesses in the front of the plug and correspondingly shaped tenons on the rear ends of the 'jaws fitted in said grooves. Recesses may be provided along the marginsl of the slots in the `frusta-conical portion o of they casing A. and

In this Aillusrecess f operates to limit the Inovecasing and sleeve .the jaws may lhave-marginal ribs thereon engaging said recesses and resting upon the ledges thus formed, and by means of a frusto-conical sleeve A, fitting over .the frusto-conical portionarI of the casing and secured thereon by screw-threads, the jaws are confined in theslots. To Yafford a firm hold upon the, casing:` and sleeve when it is desired `either yto unscrew and retract the jaws, or ,tov cause them to advance and grasp the shank of a drill or other work, the may 'have exterior milled surfaces. I Having now` described the construction and arrangementof parts in the preferred illustrative embodiment of my invention will now describe its mode of operation, particularly referring to Fig, 12 of the drawings. The parts shown in full lines are in the closed position-that is, the chuck is shown as'tightly grasping the drill shank H. It will be observed. 'that the pin g 1shard pressed against the right hand end of the recess f in the coupling shell b and that consequently 'the plug b ,is in its farthest -outward position. This tight set position of the parts has been brought about by the rotation of the outer casing A of the chuck in the direction indicated by the curved arrow shown upon the outer sleeve A. Supposing now that it is desired to loosen the chuck from the drill shank H. The operatorvgrasps the outside milled surface of f 4 the head B and its casing and turns the tightening thread.

and its incasing head in the direction opposite to that indicated by the curvedarrow before referred to. The only elements of the.chuck which are movable relatively to thehead B and which are directly connected to the casing A are the jaws C. Because 'of the fact that the jaws C are nested in the casing A as heretofore described the first reverse move-4 ment of the casing A is transmitted directly through the jawsto the plug b to which they are in turn connected. The plug b screws into the shell b, being relatively movable therein to the limited extent allowed it by the pin g.

In the structure shown in Figs. l to 6 and l2 the releasing thread is of steeper pitch and smaller in diameter than the Because of this there is less binding resistancel between the plug b shell b I,than there is between the shell b and the head B. Consequently upon the initial reverse movement being transmitted from the casing through the jaws C to the plug b said plug will turn with ease relatively to its incasing shell b. In so doing the plug b will be screwed into the shell b a -short distanceuntil the pin g shal have abutted against the end of the recess f and shall have oc-A cupied the position noted by dotted lines at g. This slight inward movement'of the tance and so 4work no matter how plug b will retract the jaws C a short diswill initially release thel grip of the jaws C upon the drill shank H. This release of the grip ofthe jaws will result in the binding resistance of the tightenin threads between the shellb and the hea B being reduced to a sufiicient extent to al.

low the-continued reverse movement of the casing A which results in the shell b being unscrewed in relation to the head Bv, since the pin. g is now abutted against the 'left endof the recess 7 in the shell b, resulting in movement being transmitted from the plug b ment is continued until the jaws lare sufficiently retracted to permit the removal of the drill, the shank of which they hold.

In tightening the chuck upon thev drill the action is as follows z-The last movement ofthe parts having been a reverse movement, as just described, the position of the pinl g is as indicated in dotted lines at g. The drill shank is now positionedbetween the j aws', andthe in the other direction. IThe first movement of the casing A will, as before, be communicated through the jaws directly to the plug and since the frictional resistance of the releasing threads between its inclosing casing b is less than that of the tightening threads between the head B, the plug b to the casing b until the pin g' abuts against the right hand end of the recess 7, as shown in full lines in Fig. 12. This relative movement 'between the plug b and its shell b takes place before the jaws C get into gripping engagement with the drill shank, all tightening of the jaws upon the drill shank being accomplished through the tightening threads between the head B and the shellI Z), which is now being rotated because of the positive engagement of the pin g against the end of the recess fi In this way, before the jaws C 'begin to tighten upon their work, the releasing device, as the plug b and its various connections may be termed, has already automatically become set, ready to perform its functions upon the first reverse movement of the manual parts. In this manner the setting and tighteningvl of the jaws C upon their work is accomplished to the shell b. This reverse move-l casing A is turned the plug b andl the-casing b and` will turn relatively through the medium of the relatively fine and powerful tightening thread; and so far as this part of the operation of the chuck is concerned the plug b has n o function whatever:l but in reversing the chuck' in'order to release the work, another thread-the releasing threadis initially thrown into action, which makes it possible because of the resultant easy initial retracting movement, to loosen the grip 'of the chuck upon the firmly the tightening threads between the head B and the shell b may have become bound because of the rethreaded and sistance and automatic tightening of the chuck which results, in the well known manner from the resistance oifered tothe rotav-` tion of the drill.

In Fig. 5 of the drawings, instead of balls serving as a ley to hOldtheQISng and head' together and prevent end movement, as well as to reduce friction, formed in the periphery of the head B, to receive studs or pins z., which are screwed into.interiorly-threaded sockets in the body of the casing, thus permitting rotation of the casing or head while preventing -end movement, and dispensing with the ballbearings. Otherwise the parts illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6 of the drawings are identical with the construction illustrated in Figs. l to 4 inclusive. 4

'In F igs.-7 and 8 of the drawings, the main body of the head I is exteriorly screw-` screwed into an interiorly screw-threaded tubular section l', which has a smooth exterior litting into the smooth interior of the casing, and provision is made for effecting a slight rotary movement of the casing independentlyof the'head and thereby releasing the grip of the jaws before the unscrewing movement of the casing begins, by providing. a pin or pins z', which project through apertures or holes in the casing A2, and engage inclined or cam slots K,'in the section I. Continued rotation of the casing after the pins a, reach the ends of the cam slots K, will cause the section I of the head to lrotate with the casing, while the main body ofthehead is held stationary, and in order that the jaws may travel around with the casing without aiifecting the head. as in the construction shown in Figs'. 1' to 4 of the drawings, the front end of` said main body or eXteriorly-threaded section of the headis formed or providedwith a button-like projection or flange L and the jaws are formed with hook-shaped ends engaging said buttoirlilre projection or flange so as to be forced out or drawn in thereby while free to travel around with the'casing.

In `Figs. 9, and 10 of the drawings, I, have shown a coupling-section for connecting the jaws and head operating in a manner similar to the coupling section already described and shown in Figs; i to G, but having a different form oftcam-device for releasing the grip 'of the jaws. in this instance the tubular part N of the couplingsection is recessed at one end to rec'eive and form an abutment for an annular iange p, at one end of the plug-P which is fitted therein and provided.

with a head-piece p79, at its other 'end having cam surfaces for Contact with coacting cam surfaces n, on the adjacent end of the tubular part N. The head piece p may be screwedl upon the reduced threaded end of the plug'l) and keyed-thereto' or otherwise secured against rotation thereon, for inreleases the l jaws. 'In this instance,

.1n the body of the stance, by in 'eans of a pin p2, passing through i the body ofthe lhead-piece and the end of `formed air/"the `ends ofthe recesses in the head-piece into'which said projections enan annular recess 'H 1s ter, and the rear, walls of said recesses are inf clined to provide cam surfaces co-acting with said cam-faced, projections.l tion permits a limited rotary movement of the plug P independently of theexteriorly screw-threaded sleeve or tubular part N, and,

a. coupling section forconnecting the jaws 35 and head somewhat similar to the coupling sections already described, but having a clutch device for releasing the grip of the the exteriorlythreaded sleeve, yii.-teriorly-threaded socket in the main body of the head and which is denoted by the let-r ter Q, has a bushing g secured therein, said bushing having a hole or holes therethrough registering with an plug R adapted .to receive a ball S, by which the parts are preventedfrol'n coming apart but'permitted a limited endwise andA rotary movement; the

ball and adjacent inclined w-'all of the slot ico servingto perform'the functions of both the Cain and stop devices-shown in other figures of the drawings.

j My invention comprehends broadly a chuck having' work-engaging means and means thereforcomprising two movable, interconnecting pars to receive and to convey motion in causing engagement and release of' the work-engagingmeans,` said parte having engaging means to effect in tightening and releasing the work, and whereby one of said parts is movable with respect to the other, by a predominating,I relatively fast movement tn .ei'ect' initial re lease ofthe work-engaging means and ne whereby the other of said parts .is movable with respect tothe first by a. subsidiary, relatively slowmovement, to finally tighten the hold of the worl -engaging means. My

invention also comprehends broadly a chuck is@ wherein one only of said parts is movable,

while the other is stationary to effect initial release of the work-engaging means by a relatively fast movement and whereby the other one of said tighten the hold of the work-engaging means yby a slower movement. In the disclosed embodiment of the invention, vthe two movable parts are represented as interengagmg, which is the preferred construction, buttato limit the movement of the plug, by contact with the shoulders'g@ `This construcgrip of the jaws,`ater which art 5,0

which isscrewed into the se I elongated'recess or slot operating ics a jointl movement ne parts is movable finally to we to which I am not limited. In deining the twouparts as having engaging means to effect a joint movement and, to eiiect initial v release and final tightening, I use such term or expression in a broad and Ygeneric sense.

Having now describedan illustrative embodiment ot' my invention and modifications thereof, to which specific structures, however, it is obvious my invention is not limited; Y

What I claim isz-- 1. In a chuck, a revoluble case having movable jaws'vvand a screw-connected sectional head within the case co-acting therewith for operating the jaws, means permitting a limited movement' of the case an jaws independently of or without screwing or unscrewing the sections of the head and then causing a section of the head to turn with the case and thereby retract the jaws, together 4with means oi the jaws during such limited movement.

2. A chuck comprising a revoluble case having movable jaws and a head within the tions, one of which is adapted to be moved endwise by the rotar)T movement of the case, Jor opening and closing the jaws, connections between the case and head whereby a limited rotary movement-oi' the case relatively to the head is permitted on the initial reverse movement of the case and a section of the headthen caused to movey and open the jaws, together with means for relaxing the grip of the jaws during the aforesaid limited rotary movement of the case.

3. A chuck comprising a revoluble case and jaws adapted to be operated thereby, said casek containing a sectional screwthreaded head adapted to be screwed up and unscrewed by the rotation of the case relatively to the head for opening and closing the jaws, means adapted'to permit a limited rotary movement of the case before it commences to unscrew the head and to commence unscrewing as the rotation of' the case is continued, together with means for relaxing the grip of the jaws to relieve the pressure on the screw-threads during the aforesaid limited rotary movement of the case.

el. In a chuck, a revoluble case and jaws adapted to be operated thereby, in combination with a head within the case constructed in sections one of which screws into the other to advance or retract the jaws, and a camdevice and connections by which a partial rotation of the case is permitted and the grip of the jaws released before either screwthreaded section oi' the head commences to turn.

5. In a chuck, a revoluble case and jaws adapted to be operated thereby, in combination with a head within the case constructed in screw-threaded sections, one section being 35 made in separable parts, and cam and stop for releasing the grip.

case consisting of rotatably connected sec-l devices holding said separable parts together while permitting a partial rotation of the case without turning either section of the head, said stop-device being adapted to limit independent rotation of the case, an said cam device being adapted to release the grip of the jaws during the partial rotary movement of the case.

6. In a chuck, a' revpluble case and jaws adapted to be operated thereby, in combination with a head within the case having a smooth cylindrical exterior, there being an annular raceway between the case and head, and means in said raceway serving as a key to prevent end movement, said head being constructed in sections one of which is screwed into the other, means permitting but limiting initial rotary movement of the case independently of the head together with means for releasing the grip of the jaws during suoli limited movement in the desired direction and then\ causing a threaded section of the head to turn with the case and retract the jaws. l 7. In a drill chuck, radially movable jaws and operating means therefor comprising two sleeve sections, one movable relatively to the other and having interfitting tongues and grooves, the tongues being of less circumferential width than the grooves to allow a limited relative movement of one of the sleeves upon the other, said tongues and grooves being also providedfwith inclined bearing faces engaging each other for moving one sleeve axially to the other during such rotary movement.

8. In a. drill chuck, a threaded head, a spindle journaled in the head and having a slight axial movement relatively thereto, radially movable jaws engaging the spindle, a threaded casing screwed upon the head and operatively connected to the jaws to move the latter radially as the casing is rotated, and means including a cam on the head i'or moving the spindle and jaws axially. i

9. In a drill chuck, a head, a spindle journaled in the head and provided with an annular flange, jaws engagingv the annular flange and movable radially toward and from the axis of the spindle, a casing rotatable and movable axially relatively to the head and operatively connected to the jaws to 4move the same radially, and means including a cam on the spindle for moving the spindle and jaws axially.

10. -A chuck comprising a revoluble case and jaws adapted to be operated thereby, the said case containing a sectional screw threaded head adapted to be screwed up and 1f unscrewed by the rotation of the case with reference to the relatively non-rotating portion of the head, for opening and closing the 'aws, and means adapted to permit a limitedv rotary movement of the case before it 1 i nected with the case and head and tively connected nimma commences yto unscrew the head and' to'commence unscrewing as the rotation of the `case is continued, whereby the grip of the to relieve the pressureon the main tightening up thread'of .the sectional .head during the aforesaid limited rotary movement of the cases l1. In a drill-chuck; a revoluble case, a head, meansl whereby one is axially-movable relative to the other by rotating the case, and radially-movable jaws operatively-,conadapted to be opened and closed by rotatingthe case, the connection between the jaws and head including a cam and stop device which. permitsl a preliminary limited movement of parts to relax the jaws.

12. In a vdrill-chuck, a case and head, means ,whereby one is axially-movable relative to the other by turning'the case, radially-movable jaws operatively-connected to the case and head and operable to open and close by turning the case, the hereinbeforejaws is relaxed' l recitedl elements including relatively rota- Y table parts, and a cam and stop device inrelatively-rotatable terposed between said preliminary indeparts which permits a pendent turn of the case and ment -of parts to relaX the jaws.

13. In a drill chuck, a socketed head, a cam in said socket provided with an inclined bearing, an annular flange operato the head and having a slight axial movement relatively thereto, radially movable jaws engaging the flange,

means for rotating said jaws and moving them radially, and additional means brought into action by the rotation of the iirst named means and coacting with the inclined bearing of the cam for moving said flange and jaws axially.

lll. In a chuck, work engaging means and a single-manual operating means therefor, and means whereby by a uniform movement 'of said manual operating means in opposite directions, the work engaging means may be' operated to open, with a certain initial pressure and to close witlra final different pressure respectively.

15. In a chuck, work-engaging means, and operating means therefor comprising two limited move-y bis n t n 'i movable, interengagmg parts, to receive and to convey motion in causing e` gagement and release of the work-engaging means, parts having engaging means to ei'ect a joint movement in tightening and releasing the lworln'and whereby one of said parts movable with respect to the other, by a preg movement, to

dominating, relativelyA fast effect initial release of the work-engaging means, and whereby the other of said parts 1s movable with respect to the irst, by a the work,fa11d whereby one only of said parts is movable, while the other is stationary, to effect initial release of the work-engaging means by ai relatively fast movement and whereby the other only of said parts is movable, to finally tighten the hold ci the wor -engaging means by a slower movement.

17. In a chuck, work-engaging means and operating means therefor comprising two movable, interconnecting parts to receive and to convey motion in causing engagement and release of the work-engaging means, said parts having engaging means to edect a joint movement in tightening and releasing the work, and whereby one ezt-said parts is movable with respect to the other by a predominating, relatively fast movement, to eiiect initial release ofthe work'- engaging means, and whereby the other of said parts is movable with respect to the first by a subsidiary, relatively slow movement, to finally tighten the hold of the workengaging means.

In testimony whereof l aiiix my signature, presence of two witnesses.

ALENDER P. MORRGW. Witnesses:

EUGENE GUs'noRo, WM. W. Heaven.

Correction in Letters Pater'it No. 1,150,142

It is hereby certified that in Lettereetet No. 1,150,142, grantedAugust '17, 1915, upon the application of Alexander RMQrroW, of Elmira, NewV York, for 'an improvement in Drill-Chucks, en error appears irl `the printed specification requiring correction as follows: Page 1, line 59, strike out the Words. syllables, punctuation, and reference-letter is the plug b. .In this llusakrid'ineert b, provided with exter; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this -cor-` rection thereirl that the same may conform to the record of the cese in thePatent Oice. I Signed and sealed this 28th dey of September, A. D., 1915.

J. T. NEWTON,

Acting ommissmer ofPate/nts.

[SEAL] 

